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U+2235 · Mathematical Operators

Because Sign ∵

The because sign, an upside-down triangle of three dots, introduces a reason or justification. It is the counterpart of the therefore sign and shows up in math proofs, logic and compact study notes, where it replaces the word "because" or "since." It usually appears at the start of a line, before the premise that supports the next step of an argument.

UnicodeU+2235
HTML∵
∵U+2235

Character codes

Unicode code pointU+2235
Decimal8757
HTML named entity∵
HTML (hex)∵
HTML (decimal)∵
CSS\2235
JavaScript\u2235
Python\u2235
UTF-8 bytesE2 88 B5
UTF-162235
URL-encoded%E2%88%B5

Character details

Official nameBECAUSE
Unicode blockMathematical Operators
General categoryMath Symbol (Sm)
SymbolHero categoryMath Symbols
EmojiNo

How to type ∵

Windows

  • In Microsoft Word or Outlook: type 2235 then press Alt + X.
  • Open Character Map (search “Character Map” in Start), tick “Advanced view”, search for “because”, then Select and Copy.

Mac

  • Press Control + Command + Space to open the Character Viewer, search “because”, and double-click the result.
  • With the Unicode Hex Input keyboard enabled (System Settings → Keyboard → Input Sources), hold Option and type 2235.

iPhone & Android

  • Tap Copy at the top of this page, then long-press where you want it and choose Paste.

Docs & web

  • Google Docs: Insert → Special characters, then search “because” or enter U+2235.
  • HTML: ∵ or ∵
  • Excel / Google Sheets: =UNICHAR(8757)

Examples

  • ∵ x² = 9 and x > 0, x = 3
  • ∵ angles on a line sum to 180°
  • Meeting moved ∵ room double-booked

Good to know

Don’t mix it up: It is easily mixed up with the therefore sign ∴ (U+2234), which has two dots on the bottom instead of the top.

Tip: Use the HTML named entity ∵ to add it to a web page.

Display: the character itself is always the same code point, but its shape comes from the font on the device showing it. If you see an empty box, the font lacks this glyph—the text is still correct.

Guides

Common Math Symbols and Their Meanings

Similar math symbols

Increment (Delta)
Element Of
N-Ary Product
Summation Sign
Minus Sign
Square Root Symbol
Infinity Symbol
Right Angle
Intersection
Union
Integral Sign
Therefore Sign
Approximately Equal Sign
Not Equal Sign
Identical to
Less Than or Equal To
Greater Than or Equal To
Percent Sign
Plus Sign
Less-Than Sign
Equals Sign
Greater-Than Sign
Vertical Line
Tilde

See all 714 math symbols →

Questions

What is the Unicode for ∵?

It is U+2235 (BECAUSE), decimal 8757.

Is there a Windows Alt code for it?

No standard Alt code exists for this character. In Word type 2235 then Alt+X, or copy it from this page.

How do I type it on a Mac?

There is no built-in Option shortcut. Use the Character Viewer (Control + Command + Space) and search “because”, or copy it from this page.

What is the HTML code?

Use the named entity ∵ or the numeric reference ∵.