U+2234 · Mathematical Operators
Therefore Sign ∴
The therefore sign, three dots arranged in a triangle, introduces a conclusion drawn from earlier statements. It is common in math proofs, logic exercises, and quick handwritten or typed notes where "therefore" or "so" would take up more space. In formal proofs it typically begins the final line, just before the statement being proved.
Character codes
| Unicode code point | U+2234 | |
|---|---|---|
| Decimal | 8756 | |
| HTML named entity | ∴ | |
| HTML (hex) | ∴ | |
| HTML (decimal) | ∴ | |
| CSS | \2234 | |
| JavaScript | \u2234 | |
| Python | \u2234 | |
| UTF-8 bytes | E2 88 B4 | |
| UTF-16 | 2234 | |
| URL-encoded | %E2%88%B4 |
Character details
| Official name | THEREFORE |
|---|---|
| Unicode block | Mathematical Operators |
| General category | Math Symbol (Sm) |
| SymbolHero category | Math Symbols |
| Emoji | No |
How to type ∴
Windows
- In Microsoft Word or Outlook: type
2234then press Alt + X. - Open Character Map (search “Character Map” in Start), tick “Advanced view”, search for “therefore”, then Select and Copy.
Mac
- Press Control + Command + Space to open the Character Viewer, search “therefore”, and double-click the result.
- With the Unicode Hex Input keyboard enabled (System Settings → Keyboard → Input Sources), hold Option and type
2234.
iPhone & Android
- Tap Copy at the top of this page, then long-press where you want it and choose Paste.
Docs & web
- Google Docs: Insert → Special characters, then search “therefore” or enter
U+2234. - HTML:
∴or∴ - Excel / Google Sheets:
=UNICHAR(8756)
Examples
- x + 2 = 5 ∴ x = 3
- All squares are rectangles ∴ this square is a rectangle
- Server down ∴ deploy postponed
Good to know
Don’t mix it up: It is the mirror image of the because sign ∵ (U+2235), whose dots point the other way.
Tip: In HTML, the named entity ∴ outputs this character.
Display: the character itself is always the same code point, but its shape comes from the font on the device showing it. If you see an empty box, the font lacks this glyph—the text is still correct.
Similar math symbols
Questions
What is the Unicode for ∴?
It is U+2234 (THEREFORE), decimal 8756.
Is there a Windows Alt code for it?
No standard Alt code exists for this character. In Word type 2234 then Alt+X, or copy it from this page.
How do I type it on a Mac?
There is no built-in Option shortcut. Use the Character Viewer (Control + Command + Space) and search “therefore”, or copy it from this page.
What is the HTML code?
Use the named entity ∴ or the numeric reference ∴.