U+222B · Mathematical Operators
Integral Sign ∫
The integral sign, an elongated S for "sum," denotes integration in calculus. ∫f(x) dx means the antiderivative of f, and with limits it gives the area under a curve between two points. It is used across mathematics, physics, engineering and economics. The Unicode set also includes double, triple and contour integrals for more advanced notation.
Character codes
| Unicode code point | U+222B | |
|---|---|---|
| Decimal | 8747 | |
| HTML named entity | ∫ | |
| HTML (hex) | ∫ | |
| HTML (decimal) | ∫ | |
| CSS | \222B | |
| JavaScript | \u222B | |
| Python | \u222B | |
| UTF-8 bytes | E2 88 AB | |
| UTF-16 | 222B | |
| URL-encoded | %E2%88%AB |
Character details
| Official name | INTEGRAL |
|---|---|
| Unicode block | Mathematical Operators |
| General category | Math Symbol (Sm) |
| SymbolHero category | Math Symbols |
| Emoji | No |
How to type ∫
Windows
- In Microsoft Word or Outlook: type
222Bthen press Alt + X. - Open Character Map (search “Character Map” in Start), tick “Advanced view”, search for “integral”, then Select and Copy.
Mac
- Press Option + B (US English keyboard layout).
- Press Control + Command + Space to open the Character Viewer, search “integral”, and double-click the result.
- With the Unicode Hex Input keyboard enabled (System Settings → Keyboard → Input Sources), hold Option and type
222B.
iPhone & Android
- Tap Copy at the top of this page, then long-press where you want it and choose Paste.
Docs & web
- Google Docs: Insert → Special characters, then search “integral” or enter
U+222B. - HTML:
∫or∫ - Excel / Google Sheets:
=UNICHAR(8747)
Examples
- ∫ x² dx = x³/3 + C
- ∫₀¹ 2x dx = 1
- Work = ∫ F · ds
Good to know
Don’t mix it up: It is sometimes confused with the phonetic letter ʃ (U+0283, LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH), which represents the "sh" sound in IPA.
Tip: On a Mac, Option + B types ∫ on the standard US layout.
Display: the character itself is always the same code point, but its shape comes from the font on the device showing it. If you see an empty box, the font lacks this glyph—the text is still correct.
Similar math symbols
Questions
What is the Unicode for ∫?
It is U+222B (INTEGRAL), decimal 8747.
Is there a Windows Alt code for it?
No standard Alt code exists for this character. In Word type 222B then Alt+X, or copy it from this page.
How do I type it on a Mac?
Option + B on a US English keyboard, or use the Character Viewer (Control + Command + Space).
What is the HTML code?
Use the named entity ∫ or the numeric reference ∫.