U+220F · Mathematical Operators
N-Ary Product ∏
The n-ary product sign is the product operator, the multiplication counterpart of the summation sign. ∏ with limits above and below means multiply all the terms in the given range together, as in ∏ᵢ₌₁ⁿ i = n!. It appears in probability, combinatorics and statistics, especially in likelihood functions.
Character codes
| Unicode code point | U+220F | |
|---|---|---|
| Decimal | 8719 | |
| HTML named entity | ∏ | |
| HTML (hex) | ∏ | |
| HTML (decimal) | ∏ | |
| CSS | \220F | |
| JavaScript | \u220F | |
| Python | \u220F | |
| UTF-8 bytes | E2 88 8F | |
| UTF-16 | 220F | |
| URL-encoded | %E2%88%8F |
Character details
| Official name | N-ARY PRODUCT |
|---|---|
| Unicode block | Mathematical Operators |
| General category | Math Symbol (Sm) |
| SymbolHero category | Math Symbols |
| Emoji | No |
How to type ∏
Windows
- In Microsoft Word or Outlook: type
220Fthen press Alt + X. - Open Character Map (search “Character Map” in Start), tick “Advanced view”, search for “n-ary product”, then Select and Copy.
Mac
- Press Option + Shift + P (US English keyboard layout).
- Press Control + Command + Space to open the Character Viewer, search “n-ary product”, and double-click the result.
- With the Unicode Hex Input keyboard enabled (System Settings → Keyboard → Input Sources), hold Option and type
220F.
iPhone & Android
- Tap Copy at the top of this page, then long-press where you want it and choose Paste.
Docs & web
- Google Docs: Insert → Special characters, then search “n-ary product” or enter
U+220F. - HTML:
∏or∏ - Excel / Google Sheets:
=UNICHAR(8719)
Examples
- n! = ∏ᵢ₌₁ⁿ i
- L(θ) = ∏ p(xᵢ | θ)
- ∏ (1 + rₖ) − 1 = total return
Good to know
Don’t mix it up: It looks like the Greek capital letter Π (U+03A0), which is a letter; use ∏ when you mean the product operator.
Tip: On a Mac, Option + Shift + P types ∏ on the standard US layout.
Display: the character itself is always the same code point, but its shape comes from the font on the device showing it. If you see an empty box, the font lacks this glyph—the text is still correct.
Similar math symbols
Questions
What is the Unicode for ∏?
It is U+220F (N-ARY PRODUCT), decimal 8719.
Is there a Windows Alt code for it?
No standard Alt code exists for this character. In Word type 220F then Alt+X, or copy it from this page.
How do I type it on a Mac?
Option + Shift + P on a US English keyboard, or use the Character Viewer (Control + Command + Space).
What is the HTML code?
Use the named entity ∏ or the numeric reference ∏.